Towards an Independent Wales

Gyda Senedd ei hun a grymoedd deddfwriaethol ei hun mae Cymru eisoes ar lwybr tuag at annibyniaeth. Mae'r adroddiad hwn gan y Comisiwn dros Annibyniaeth yn nodi'r camau nesaf.

ISBN: 9781800990005

Pris: £9.99

Adran: Gwleidyddiaeth

Cyfrwng: Clawr Meddal

Iaith: Saesneg

Mwy o wybodaeth

Adolygiadau

The emergence of Welsh independence as a live political issue is one of the more remarkablefeatures of what is, in every respect, an extraordinary time in politics. Yet that is exactlywhat has occurred. Support has surged, and debate has become even more widespread.Which is why the publication of this report is such an important moment. By explainingwhat an independent Wales might look like in practice, it gives both proponents andopponents much to discuss and argue about. - Professor Richard Wyn Jones (Director, Wales Governance Centre, Cardiff University)

A refreshingly frank and honest assessment of the challenges facing the campaign for Welshindependence. Public opinion in Wales could shift further in the direction of independenceif Scotland leaves the UK, if a no-deal Brexit triggers mayhem and if Boris Johnson'sgovernment continues to display a toxic combination of hubris and incompetence. - Kevin Morgan (Professor of Government and Development, Cardiff University)

The long-term constitutional future of our nation is now properly up for grabs. The reportinjects welcome detail and thoroughness to our understanding of independence. - Laura McAllister (Professor of Public Policy and the Governance of Wales, Wales Governance Centre, Cardiff University)

Stimulating and imaginative – well worth studying by those who do not share PlaidCymru's aspirations as much as by those who do. It quotes the Basque saying, "We buildthe road as we travel". This Report is a substantial piece of highway engineering. - Sir Paul Silk (Chair of the Commission on Devolution in Wales)

Tabl Cynnwys

Introduction 11

Executive summary 16

Main recommendations 20

Chapter 1: Building the road 29

The 20th century 29

The 21st century 32

Chapter 2: Public attitudes 43

Welsh identity 43

Independence 45

Independence: the referendum question 45

Chapter 3: A Welsh jurisdiction 52

Asymmetric devolution 53

The single England and Wales jurisdiction 54

Why Wales needs a separate jurisdiction 54

A virtual legal jurisdiction 58

Justice powers 59

Implications of a distinct Welsh jurisdiction 60

The way ahead 63

Recommendations 66

Chapter 4: Effective Government and the civil service 67

Twenty years of evolution 68

The civil service culture 71

A Welsh public service 76

Recommendations 80

Chapter 5: Addressing the fiscal gap 82

A better model 86

The Welsh balance-sheet 88

Paying our way 90

A different sort of union 92

Welsh taxes 96

A UK common market 98

A middle way 101

Recommendations 102

Chapter 6: Wales and Europe 105

Plaid Cymru and Europe 107

Brexit and devolution 109

EU Funding for Wales: a lost opportunity 110

The European Union's direction of travel 112

Brexit and the terms of departure 115

A new relationship with the European Union 118

European networks 119

Bilateral relationships 120

Welsh Government's International Strategy 120

Deepening Wales's relationship with the EU 121

Growing European partnerships 123

Ireland 124

Euskadi (the Basque Country) 125

Recommendations 126

Chapter 7: Relations with our neighbours: 128

options for an independent Wales

The federal dead-end 128

Wales as a member of a confederation 132

The Benelux model 133

A League of the Isles 136

Imponderables 140

Wales as a member of the European Union 144

Wales as a member of the European Free Trade Area 146

The way ahead 148

Recommendations 149

Chapter 8: A Constitution for an independent Wales 151

Principles of a Welsh Constitution 151

Independence 152

Pathway to a Welsh Constitution 158

Elements of a Welsh Constitution 162

Forms and institutions of government 165

The Head of State 166

The legislature 167

The Executive 168

Regional/local government 169

'Integrity' branch of government 169

The judiciary 170

Citizen initiative 170

Adopting and amending the Constitution 171

Recommendations 171

Chapter 9: A Welsh Self-Determination Bill 173

Options for a Plaid Cymru Government 173

Content of primary legislation 177

Binary or multi-option choices in a referendum 179

Practicalities of drafting the Bill 181

Recommendations 182

Chapter 10: Bringing Wales with us 184

Building national self-confidence 184

Sustainability 185

The four pillars of an independent Wales 186

A five-point plan for success 187

The independent Wales we want 188

Appendix 1: Outline Content 191

of a Welsh Self-Determination Bill

Self-Determination (Wales) Bill 192

Appendix 2: Independence Commission 197

Terms of Reference 197

Appendix 3: Commissioners' Biographies 202

Endnotes 216

Broliant

Mae Cymru, â'i Senedd a'i hawl i ddeddfu, eisoes ar daith tuag at annibyniaeth.

Y camau nesaf yw pwnc yr adroddiad hwn. Mae'n mynnu y dylai Cymru annibynnol ymgeisio i fod yn aelod o'r Undeb Ewropeaidd, gan ymaelodi yn y lle cyntaf o bosibl â'r Ardal Fasnach Rydd Ewropeaidd. Mae'n argymell hefyd y dylai Cymru archwilio perthynas gydffederal â Lloegr, yr Alban a Gogledd Iwerddon. Mae'n dadlau o blaid newid dull gweithredu Llywodraeth Cymru a'r gwasanaeth sifil, yn dangos sut i fynd ati i lunio Cyfansoddiad i Gymru ac yn disgrifio fframwaith i'r Bil Hunan-Benderfynu er mwyn bwrw ymlaen â phroses annibyniaeth. Dylai Comisiwn Cenedlaethol statudol gynnig dealltwriaeth glir i bobl Cymru ynghylch yr opsiynau ar gyfer eu dyfodol cyfansoddiadol. Byddai gan Reithgorau Dinasyddion a fyddai'n adlewyrchu holl sbectrwm bywyd Cymru fewnbwn allweddol. Dylai refferendwm cychwynnol roi prawf ar ystod o opsiynau cyfansoddiadol, a defnyddio deilliant hwnnw wedyn i annog Llywodraeth y DU i gytuno i refferendwm deuaidd pellach. Byddai pobl Cymru felly yn dewis rhwng y status quo a'r hoff ddewis yn y refferendwm cychwynnol.

Hefyd gan yr awdur

Mwy gan Independence Commission